''' High-definition television (or HDTV) is video that has resolution substantially higher than that of traditional television systems (standard-definition TV, or SDTV, or SD). HDTV has one or two million pixels per frame, roughly five times that of SD. Early HDTV broadcasting used analog techniques, but today HDTV is digitally broadcast using video compression.

Some personal video recorders (PVRs) with hard disk storage but without high-definition tuners are described as "HD", for "Hard Disk", which can be a cause of confusion.

History of high-definition television

On 2 November 1936 the BBC began transmitting the world's first public regular high-definition service from the Victorian Alexandra Palace in north London. It therefore claims to be the birthplace of television broadcasting as we know it today.

The term ''high definition'' once described a series of television systems originating from the late 1930s; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems as few as 30 lines of resolution.

The British high definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service in November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line and (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line (377i) systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441 line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher resolution standard at 819 lines (768i), a system that would be high definition even by today's standards, but it was monochrome only. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240 line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405 line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405 line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240 line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240 line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option.

Color broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier B&W systems and therefore had the same 525 lines (480i) of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM colour systems were added to the monochrome 625 line (576i) broadcasts.

Since the formal adoption of Digital Video Broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems are now regarded as ''standard definition'' television systems. In Australia, the 625-line digital progressive system (with 576 active lines) is officially recognized as high definition.

Analog systems

In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (768i). It was monochrome only, it was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel, and it was discontinued in 1985.

In 1958, the Soviet Union developed ''Тransformator'' (, ''Transformer''), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system was never deployed in the military or broadcasting.

In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commenced on 25 November 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.

In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was most impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the USA.

Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the USA, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.

Demise of analog HD systems

The limited standardization of analogue HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic reasons at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television.

Early HDTV commercial experiments such as NHK's MUSE required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast—and HD-MAC was not much better. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about 2x the bandwidth of SDTV these television formats were still only distributable by satellite.

In addition, recording and reproducing an HDTV signal was a significant technical challenge in the early years of HDTV (Sony HDVS). Japan remained the only country with successful public broadcasting analog HDTV, with seven broadcasters sharing a single channel. Digital HDTV broadcasting started in 2000 in Japan, and the analog service ended in the early hours of 1 October 2007.

Rise of digital compression

Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) has been working on creating a global recommendation for Analogue HDTV. These recommendations however did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees on specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.

DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the USA the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard. The DVB-S2 standard is based on the newer and more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standards. Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth, and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements.

In 1983, the International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) set up a working party (IWP11/6) with the aim of setting a single international HDTV standard. One of the thornier issues concerned a suitable frame/field refresh rate, the world already having split into two camps, 25/50 Hz and 30/60 Hz, related by reasons of picture stability to the frequency of their main electrical supplies.

The IWP11/6 working party considered many views and through the 1980s served to encourage development in a number of video digital processing areas, not least conversion between the two main frame/field rates using motion vectors, which led to further developments in other areas. While a comprehensive HDTV standard was not in the end established, agreement on the aspect ratio was achieved.

Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. (Bob Morris explained that the 16:9 ratio was chosen as being the geometric mean of 4:3, Academy ratio, and 2.4:1, the widest cinema format in common use, in order to minimize wasted screen space when displaying content with a variety of aspect ratios.)

An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 ("Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding.

It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems for a range of frame and field rates were defined by several US SMPTE standards.)

Inaugural HDTV broadcast in the United States

HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the 1990s by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Field testing of HDTV at 199 sites in the United States was completed August 14, 1994. The first public HDTV broadcast in the United States occurred on July 23, 1996 when the Raleigh, North Carolina television station WRAL-HD began broadcasting from the existing tower of WRAL-TV south-east of Raleigh, winning a race to be first with the HD Model Station in Washington, D.C., which began broadcasting July 31, 1996 with the callsign WHD-TV, based out of the facilities of NBC owned and operated station WRC-TV. The American Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) HDTV system had its public launch on October 29, 1998, during the live coverage of astronaut John Glenn's return mission to space on board the Space Shuttle ''Discovery''. The signal was transmitted coast-to-coast, and was seen by the public in science centers, and other public theaters specially equipped to receive and display the broadcast.

European HDTV broadcasts

Although HDTV broadcasts had been demonstrated in Europe since the early 1990s, the first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert. Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official start of the HD1 channel, and the start of HDTV in Europe.

Euro1080, a division of the Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe. The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.

These first European HDTV broadcasts used the 1080i format with MPEG-2 compression on a DVB-S signal from SES Astra's 1H satellite. Euro1080 transmissions later changed to MPEG-4/AVC compression on a DVB-S2 signal in line with subsequent broadcast channels in Europe.

The number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES Astra's annual ''Satellite Monitor'' market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD-Ready TVs sold in Europe (£60 million in 2010 alone), and 20 million households (27% of all European digital satellite TV homes) watching HD satellite broadcasts (16 million via Astra satellites).

In December 2009 the United Kingdom became the first European country to deploy high definition content on digital terrestrial television (branded as Freeview) using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard as specified in the Digital TV Group (DTG) D-book. The Freeview HD service currently contains 4 HD channels and is now rolling out region by region across the UK in accordance with the digital switchover process. Some transmitters such as the Crystal Palace and Emley Moor transmitters are broadcasting the Freeview HD service ahead of the digital switchover by means of a temporary, low-power pre-DSO multiplex.

Notation

HDTV broadcast systems are identified with three major parameters:

Frame size in pixels is defined as ''number of horizontal pixels × number of vertical pixels'', for example ''1280 × 720'' or ''1920 × 1080''. Often the number of horizontal pixels is implied from context and is omitted, as in the case of ''720p'' and ''1080p''.

Scanning system is identified with the letter ''p'' for progressive scanning or ''i'' for interlaced scanning.

Frame rate is identified as number of video frames per second. For interlaced systems an alternative form of specifying number of fields per second is often used.

If all three parameters are used, they are specified in the following form: ''[frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate]'' or ''[frame size]/[frame or field rate][scanning system]''. Often, frame size or frame rate can be dropped if its value is implied from context. In this case the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by the scanning system.

For example, ''1920×1080p25'' identifies progressive scanning format with 25 frames per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The ''1080i25'' or ''1080i50'' notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 25 frames (50 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The ''1080i30'' or ''1080i60'' notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 30 frames (60 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The ''720p60'' notation identifies progressive scanning format with 60 frames per second, each frame being 720 pixels high; 1,280 pixels horizontally are implied.

50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 25i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 23.976p, 24p, 29.97i/59.94i, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g. 23.976p was often called 24p, or 59.94i was often called 60i. 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity. Nevertheless, 29.97i/59.94i is almost universally called 60i, likewise 23.976p is called 24p.

For commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a ''1080i television set''). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames per second.

There is no standard for HDTV color support. Until recently the color of each pixel was regulated by three 8-bit color values, each representing the level of red, blue, and green which defined a pixel color. Together the 24 total bits defining color yielded just under 17 million possible pixel colors. some manufacturers have produced systems that can employ 10 bits for each color (30 bits total) which provides for a palette of 1 billion colors, saying that this provides a much richer picture, but there is no agreed way to specify that a piece of equipment supports this feature. Human vision can only discern approximately 1 million colors so an expanded color palette is of questionable benefit to consumers.

Most HDTV systems support resolutions and frame rates defined either in the ATSC table 3, or in EBU specification. The most common are noted below.

High-definition display resolutions

Video format supported [image resolution]	Native resolution [inherent resolution] (W×H)	Pixels		Aspect ratio (W:H)		Description
		! Actual	! Advertised (Mpixel)	Aspect ratio (image)>Image	Pixel aspect ratio>Pixel
	1024×768XGA	786,432	0.8	4:3	4:3	Typically a PC resolution (XGA); also a native resolution on many entry-level plasma displays with non-square pixels.
1280×720	921,600	0.9	16:9	1:1	Standard HDTV resolution and a typical PC resolution (WXGA (graphics)
	1,049,088	1.0	683:384(approx. 16:9)	1:1	A typical PC resolution ([[WXGA (graphics)
[[1080p/1080i1920×1080	1920×1080	2,073,600	2.1	16:9	1:1

Video format supported	Screen resolution (W×H)	Pixels		Aspect ratio (W:H)		Description
		! Actual	! Advertised (Mpixel)	! Image	! Pixel
720p1780×956	1780×956Clean Aperture	876,096	0.9	16:9	1:1	Used for 750-line video with faster artifact/overscan compensation, as defined in SMPTE 296M.
1080p1920×1080	1888×1062Clean aperture	2,005,056	2.0	16:9	1:1	Used for 1125-line video with faster artifact/overscan compensation, as defined in SMPTE 274M.
1080i1920×1080	1440×1080HDCAM/HDV	1,555,200	1.6	16:9	4:3	Used for anamorphic 1125-line video in the HDCAM and HDV formats introduced by Sony and defined (also as a luminance subsampling matrix) in SMPTE D11.

Standard frame or field rates

23.976 Hz (film-looking frame rate compatible with NTSC clock speed standards)

24 Hz (international film and ATSC high definition material)

25 Hz (PAL, SECAM film, standard definition, and high definition material)

29.97 Hz (NTSC standard definition material)

50 Hz (PAL & SECAM high definition material)

59.94 Hz (ATSC high definition material)

60 Hz (ATSC high definition material)

120 Hz (ATSC high definition material)

At a minimum, HDTV has twice the linear resolution of standard-definition television (SDTV), thus showing greater detail than either analog television or regular DVD. The technical standards for broadcasting HDTV also handle the 16:9 aspect ratio images without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching, thus increasing the effective image resolution.

The optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. The field and frame rate should match the source and the resolution. A very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed source.

There is widespread confusion in the use of the terms PAL, SECAM and NTSC when referring to HD material. These terms apply only to standard definition television, not HD. The only technical reason for keeping 25 Hz as the HD frame rate in a former PAL country is to maintain compatibility between HD and standard definition television systems.

Types of media

Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate.

Non-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster. 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode. 720p also imposes less strenuous storage and decoding requirements compared to both 1080i and 1080p. 1080p-24 frame/s and 1080i-30 frame/s is most often used on Blu-ray Disc; as of 2011, there is still no disc that can support full 1080p-60 frame/s.

Contemporary systems

Besides an HD-ready television set, other equipment may be needed to view HD television. In the US, Cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.

High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV, the high definition Blu-ray video disc (BD), internet downloads. Sony's Playstation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of the Blu-ray platform, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3 and 360, often with remastered graphics.

Recording and compression

HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some free, some for a fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available in the consumer market until recently. In 2008 the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in an uncompressed MPEG transport stream (.ts) file or Blu-ray format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface.

Realtime MPEG-2 compression of an uncompressed digital HDTV signal is prohibitively expensive for the consumer market at this time, but should become inexpensive within several years (although this is more relevant for consumer HD camcorders than recording HDTV). Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals such as W-VHS recorders are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market.

In the United States, as part of the FCC's ''plug and play'' agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" Firewire (IEEE 1394) upon request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. , boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

See also

1HDTV

Extreme High Definition (1440p) (4320p)

HDTV blur

H.265

HD+

List of digital television deployments by country

Ultra High Definition Television

Notes

External links

Technology, Television, and Competition (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004)

HDTV Primer

HD Quality TV

Film indir

Sony HD TV

gazeteler

Images formats for HDTV, article from the EBU Technical Review.

High Definition for Europe - a progressive approach, article from the EBU Technical Review.

High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television Production, technical report from the EBU

HDTV in Germany: Lack of Innovation Management Leads to Market Failure, diffusion of HDTV in Germany from the DIW Berlin

Category:ATSC Category:Consumer electronics Category:Digital television Category:Film and video technology Category:History of television Category:Television terminology Category:1990 introductions

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Coordinates	15°48′00″N47°54′00″N
name	Can I Get a Witness
artist	Marvin Gaye
album	Greatest Hits
b-side	"I'm Crazy 'Bout My Baby"
released	September 1963
format	7" single
recorded	July 17, 1963; Hitsville U.S.A.(Detroit, Michigan)
genre	Soul, rock and roll
length	2:53
label	TamlaT 54087
writer	Holland–Dozier–Holland
producer	Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier
last single	"Pride and Joy"(1963)
this single	"Can I Get a Witness"(1963)
next single	"You're a Wonderful One"(1964) }}

"Can I Get a Witness" is a 1963 hit song by Marvin Gaye on the Tamla (Motown) label. Written and produced by Motown songwriting and producing team Holland–Dozier–Holland, the song was built among gospel-styled music and heralded Gaye's beginnings in the church with a rhythm and blues/rock and roll setting. The song featured Gaye on piano, playing a boogie pattern, The Funk Brothers, and members of The Supremes in the background accompanying Gaye. The song became a hit in both the U.S. and the United Kingdom, and British musicians Lulu, Dusty Springfield, The Rolling Stones, Sam Brown and Steampacket (which featured a very young Rod Stewart) recorded cover versions of the song. Gaye's version peaked at number twenty-two on the Pop Singles chart and its title soon became a catchphrase. Lee Michaels' 1971 version reached number thirty-nine on the pop chart; both his and Gaye's versions peaked during Christmas week.

In popular culture

Gaye's recording is featured in the 1999 biographical film ''The Hurricane''.

Personnel

Lead vocals by Marvin Gaye

Background vocals by The Supremes: Diana Ross, Florence Ballard, and Mary Wilson

Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers

Category:1963 singles Category:Marvin Gaye songs Category:Songs written by Holland-Dozier-Holland Category:Motown singles

nn:Can I Get a Witness

Coordinates	15°48′00″N47°54′00″N
name	Fedor Emelianenko
native name	Фёдор Емельяненко
native lang	Russian
birth name	Fedor Vladimirovich Emelianenko
birth date	September 28, 1976
birth place	Rubizhne, Luhansk, Ukrainian SSR, USSR
other names	The Last Emperor
nationality	Russian
height ft	6
height in	0
weight lb	223
weight class	Heavyweight (265 lb)
reach in	74
style	Sambo, Judo, Boxing,
stance	Orthodox
fighting out of	Stary Oskol, Belgorod, Russia
team	Red Devil Sport Club
trainer	Vladimir Voronov ''(Sambo and Judo)'' Alexander Michkov ''(Boxing)''
rank	International Master of Sports and Black Belt in Judo 1st Razryad Grand Master in Sambo
years active	2000–present (MMA)
mma win	31
mma kowin	8
mma subwin	16
mma decwin	7
mma loss	4
mma koloss	3
mma subloss	1
mma nc	1
spouse	Oksana (1999–2006) Marina (2009–present)
children	2
relatives	Alexander Emelianenko (brother) Ivan Emelianenko (brother)
url	http://efedor.ru/index_eng.shtml
sherdog	1500
updated	}}

}}

Fedor Vladimirovich Emelianenko) (born September 28, 1976) is a Russian heavyweight mixed martial artist. He has won numerous tournaments and accolades in multiple sports, most notably the Pride 2004 Grand Prix and the World Combat Sambo championship on four occasions, as well as medaling in the Russian national Judo championship.

He holds the distinction of having held five separate major championships, including the RINGS Open-Weight and Absolute Class Tournament winner, the Pride Fighting Championships World Heavyweight and Heavyweight Grand Prix Championships, and the World Alliance of Mixed Martial Arts Heavyweight Championship. He holds notable wins over many former champions such as Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira (twice), Mirko Filipovic, Andrei Arlovski, Tim Sylvia, Kevin Randleman, Mark Coleman (twice), Semmy Schilt and Renato Sobral.

Emelianenko has received widespread acclaim from several major publications, including ''Sports Illustrated'', ''USA Today'', and ''Sherdog.com''. Many analysts, as well as former and current fighters, consider Emelianenko to be the greatest mixed martial artist of all time. He remained undefeated for nearly a decade, during which time he was widely considered the best heavyweight fighter in mixed martial arts, but is now on a three-fight losing streak.

Biography

Emelianenko was born in 1976 in the city of Rubizhne, Luhansk in what was then the Ukrainian SSR (now Ukraine). In 1978, when he was two, his family moved within the Soviet Union to Stary Oskol, Belgorod of the Russian SFSR. His mother, Olga Fedorovna, was a teacher and his father, Vladimir Alexandrovich Emelianenko, was a welder. Emelianenko is the second child in the family and has an older sister and two younger brothers, including professional mixed martial artist Alexander Emelianenko. Fedor trains with his youngest brother Ivan, who has competed in Combat Sambo, and plans to begin a career in MMA in 2010.

Emelianenko finished high school in 1991 and graduated with honors from a professional trade school in 1994. From 1995 until 1997, he served in the Russian Army as a military firefighter. In 1999, he married his wife Oksana, and their daughter Masha was born in the same year. They divorced in 2006. On December 29, 2007, his second daughter, Vasilisa, was born to his long time girlfriend Marina. Emelianenko and Marina married in October 2009. In his spare time, he likes to read, listen to music, and draw. He is a practicing Orthodox Christian and a parishioner at the church of St. Nicholas in Stary Oskol. His confessor is archpriest Andrei Zinoviev. His entrance theme song, ''oy, to ne vecher'', was performed at his request by archdeacon Andrey Zheleznyakov, solist at the Episcopal Choir of the Nizhny Novgorod Diocese.

Emelianenko had the honour of being one of 80 Russian sporting champions, cultural icons and national heroes to carry the Olympic torch in St. Petersburg in 2008.

Club affiliation

Emelianenko began his mixed martial arts as a member of Russian Top Team (RTT), training with the first generation of Russian RINGS competitors, such as Volk Han and Andrey Kopylov. After winning his Pride Heavyweight title, a rift grew between Emelianenko and the manager of RTT, Vladimir Evgenevich Pogodin. According to Emelianenko, Pogodin, who held the position of vice-president in the World Sambo Federation, attempted to control Emelianenko's career through threats and abuse of his position to deny "Master of Sport" ranks to Fedor and his brother Alexander. Emelianenko alleged he was deceived by Pogodin in financial disputes between Pogodin and Emelianenko. After his bout with Gary Goodridge, the Emelianenko brothers left Russian Top Team and began to train in St. Petersburg with the Red Devil Sport Club, which is managed by Vadim Finkelstein. To date, Finkelstein is still his manager. Emelianenko is a member of the VOS gym in Holland, where he trains with Johan Vos and Lucien Carbin. Emelianenko has trained with the likes of Ernesto Hoost, Tyrone Spong, and Denis Lebedev.

Mixed martial arts career

RINGS

Emelianenko made his MMA debut for the Japanese RINGS organization. RINGS had a different set of rules that did not allow head strikes on the ground (which later on would be recognized as one of Emelianenko's biggest strengths).

Here Emelianenko suffered his first loss in the sport, a very controversial one that came at the hands of Tsuyoshi Kohsaka at the King of Kings 2000 Block B event on December 22, 2000, via doctor stoppage due to a cut 17 seconds into the fight. Footage shows that the cut was caused by a missed looping punch where Kohsaka's elbow struck Emelianenko's head. Elbow strikes were illegal under RINGS rules unless the striker was wearing elbow pads, which Kohsaka was not. Emelianenko says that this elbow reopened a cut sustained in his previous fight against Ricardo Arona. Since the fight was in a tournament format, a winner and loser were required as draws or no-contests could not be awarded. Since Emelianenko could not advance due to his injury, Kohsaka moved on (the match would have been a no contest or disqualification victory for Emelianenko otherwise). Many MMA fans disregard that loss due to its illegal nature, and considered Emelianenko to be technically undefeated in MMA until he lost to Fabricio Werdum. The tournament was eventually won by Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira, who would later be Emelianenko's fiercest rival in MMA. Emelianenko would later avenge the first loss of his career when he rematched Kohsaka at Pride Bushido 6.

After defeating veteran Renato Sobral in an elimination bout, Emelianenko went on fight for the World Heavyweight Class Championship against Bobby Hoffman the same night. However, Hoffman refused to fight Emelianenko, claiming he sustained a injury to his shoulder during his previous match, and forfeited the final. A win was awarded to Emelianenko by default, and he was given the RINGS Heavyweight Class Championship.

On February 15, 2002, Emelianenko defeated Chris Haseman and won the RINGS Absolute Class Tournament, the last tournament ever held by RINGS.

Pride Fighting Championships

Entering the Pride Fighting Championships on the heels of winning the RINGS King of Kings 2002 tournament, Emelianenko debuted at Pride 21 on June 23, 2002 against the , Dutch fighter Semmy Schilt, whom he defeated by unanimous decision. His next opponent was heavyweight Heath Herring, in a contest to establish the number-one contender for the heavyweight title. Emelianenko, considered an underdog at the time, dominated Herring with ground and pound, winning by doctor stoppage after the first round. This victory against a perennial contender brought him into title contention.

Emelianenko was then signed to fight heavily favored Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira for Pride's Heavyweight Championship title at Pride 25 on March 16, 2003. Nogueira was coming off wins against Mark Coleman, Heath Herring and a shocking comeback victory against Bob Sapp, as well as his victory in the RINGS 2000 King of Kings Tournament, in which Emelianenko had participated. Nogueira was considered by many fans to be virtually unbeatable, due to his endurance and submission skills. Emelianenko rocked him early with punches, and Nogueira pulled guard. Emelianenko then survived Nogueira's guard, considered the most dangerous in MMA, and easily defended all of Nogueira's submission attempts, dominating him for 20 minutes with a brutal ground and pound. The judges rendered a unanimous decision, and Emelianenko became the second Pride Heavyweight Champion, a title he would never lose.

Three months later Emelianenko embarked on his title reign. His first match was against the former IWGP Heavyweight champion, amateur and professional wrestler Kazuyuki Fujita. A heavy favorite, Emelianenko was expected to make quick work of Fujita, but was caught by a right hook that stunned him. Badly hurt, he worked his way to a clinch, but was taken down. With Fujita unable to amount a significant offense Emelianenko was able to recover. Emelianenko worked his way up and knocked Fujita down with body kick and a punching combo. He then submitted Fujita at 4:17 in the first round with a rear naked choke. Emelianenko reminisced about it in February 2009, "Fujita is the only one who ever hit me right, and he hit hard!".

Next came a one-sided bout against heavy underdog Gary "Big Daddy" Goodridge at Total Elimination 2003. Emelianenko took down Goodridge after wobbling him with standing combinations, then finished him with a ground and pound technique in the first round by referee stoppage after delivering unanswered punches and kicks to the head. Emelianenko broke his hand in this fight, resulting in surgery. He has since reinjured this hand, leading to the postponement of several bouts. In 2011, Goodridge recalled his fight with Emelianenko; "Fedor hits so hard, I don't remember anything (from the fight). No one has his speed and power combo. He fought for 10 years at the top. He doesn't owe anything else to the sport."

His next fight against New Japan professional wrestler Yuji Nagata at Inoki Bom-Ba-Ye 2003 ended the same way, with Emelianenko first knocking Nagata to the ground twice with punches. Emelianenko fought at this event as opposed to Shockwave 2003 on the same day due to being offered a higher fight purse because of the great deal of competition between the Japanese television networks screening these events and K-1 Premium Dynamite!! on the same night. That move upset the managers of PRIDE, who set up an interim title match between Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira and Mirko Crocop Filipović, which ended with Nogueira pulling yet another comeback victory, scoring a second round armbar.

Pride Heavyweight Grand Prix 2004

Four months later, he returned to PRIDE, at Total Elimination 2004, where he met Pride 2000 Grand Prix winner and former Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) Heavyweight Champion Mark Coleman for the first time in the ring. After getting taken down, he pulled guard and submitted Coleman with an armbar at 2:11 of the first round to advance in the 2004 Heavyweight Grand Prix. That fight showed more of Emelianenko's versatility, as he not only had a good top game with his trademark ground and pound, but a dangerous bottom game from his guard, being able to submit legitimate opponents from his back.

A notable match with Coleman's protégé Kevin "The Monster" Randleman followed just two months later at the tournament's second round. Randleman, a two-time Division I NCAA Wrestling Champion for Ohio State University and a former UFC Heavyweight Champion, was coming off an upset win over Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipović, which he ended by knockout. Randleman quickly scored a takedown. As Emelianenko gave his back, Randleman delivered a German suplex, slamming him to the canvas headfirst, a move that would become one of the most replayed highlights in PRIDE's and MMA's history for years to come. Emelianenko, seemingly unfazed, rolled over Randleman a few seconds later, getting top position and forcing him to submit with a kimura armlock 1:33 into the first round.

On August 15, 2004, Emelianenko faced six-time All-Japan Judo Champion and Olympic Silver Medalist Naoya Ogawa in the semifinals of the 2004 Grand Prix. After making quick work of Ogawa, winning by armbar, he advanced to face Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira for the second time in his career. Nogueira had won a decision against Emelianenko's former teammate Sergei Kharitonov earlier that night. This match was not only to decide the winner of the 2004 Grand Prix, but to unify the heavyweight championship as Nogueira was awarded the interim title due to Emelianenko's inability to defend his championship in a timely manner in the previous year. The rematch with Nogueira was very competitive, but the fight was stopped prematurely due to a cut to Emelianenko's head from an accidental clash of heads while on the ground. A third meeting was thus scheduled for Shockwave 2004, which Emelianenko won. On the line was PRIDE's Heavyweight Championship, and PRIDE's 2004 Heavyweight Grand Prix title, as the final match of the tournament earlier that year was declared a no contest due to an accidental headbutt. Emelianenko this time chose not to engage Nogueira on the ground, in spite of having dominated him on the ground in their first match. He overpowered the Brazilian on the feet in the first round, beating him to the punch for the first nine minutes. Nogueira faced great difficulty, getting dropped with punches and tossed to the mat multiple times by Judo throws. He was not able to implement his game plan of putting Emelianenko on his back, save for the final 30 seconds of the first round. He was not able to pull guard for any considerable amount of time. During the second and third rounds, Emelianenko's takedown defense and counter-punching earned him a unanimous decision victory to retain the heavyweight championship.

Title defense against Mirko Filipović

The following year, Emelianenko signed to fight PRIDE's top heavyweight contender, and former K-1 star Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipović. This was a highly anticipated match. After Mirko had made a successful switch from K-1 to MMA, he quickly rose in the rankings with victories over Igor Vovchachyn, Kazuyuki Fujita, and a KO win over Emelianenko's younger brother, Alexander Emelianenko. He then made a public challenge to Emelianenko and the bout was supposed to take place in late 2003. After a contract dispute, Emelianenko temporarily left PRIDE to fight for Inoki's Boom Ba Ye promotion, on New Year's eve 2003. This prompted PRIDE to set up an Interim Heavyweight Title Match between Crocop and Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira. After completely dominating the first round, Crocop was caught in an armbar early in the second round, thus making Nogueira the Interim champion, and number-one challenger for Emelianenko's belt. Mirko got further de-railed from title contention, when in the first round of PRIDE Heavyweight Grand Prix 2004, he was upset by Kevin Randleman, getting knocked out early by ground strikes following a vicious left hook.

Later that year, Mirko began his recovery by defeating Ron Waterman, winning his rematch with Kevin Randleman by submission, and scoring a dominant TKO victory over Mark Coleman in the first round. Those wins put Mirko Filipović again in the spot of number-one heavyweight contender, following Fedor's successful title defense against Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira on PRIDE's New Year's Eve show in 2004.

The match between Emelianenko and Mirko Filipović finally took place at PRIDE Final Conflict 2005. In the first round, Emelianenko was stunned and had his nose broken by two stiff jabs from Filipović. He got hit by body kicks that discolored his midsection. Emelianenko was then able to get the fight to the ground and land several body shots, which took a lot of gas out of Filipović. As the fight progressed, Emelianenko became more and more dominant, winning most of the stand up exchanges and scoring several takedowns. After 20 minutes, Emelianenko was awarded a unanimous decision victory.

Later PRIDE Years

Following his successful title defense against Mirko Filipović at PRIDE Final Conflict 2005, Emelianenko came back on New Year's eve, where he outclassed the 450-pound Brazilian Zuluzinho in a non-title bout. Emelianenko dropped Zulu with a right hook and finished with several ground strikes which forced him to tap out after only 26 seconds.

Although originally endangered due to Emelianenko's recurring hand injury, a plate inserted in his hand green-lighted a rematch with American Mark Coleman in Pride's American debut show, Pride 32. In a fight where Coleman was unable to mount any significant offense, Emelianenko blasted Coleman in the first round with punches, before securing an armbar at 1:15 in the second round. Emelianenko's last defense of his Pride Heavyweight title was against 2001 K-1 World Grand Prix champion Mark Hunt at Shockwave 2006. Josh Barnett was originally slated to fight Emelianenko for the Heavyweight title, but turned down the fight, claiming not to be in peak physical condition. With Filipović's departure to the UFC organization in late 2006, Mark Hunt became the number-one contender for the belt. Sporting a broken toe during the contest, Emelianenko nevertheless secured an armbar in the second minute of the first round, but Hunt was able to escape and counter by stepping over Emelianenko, ending in side control. At five minutes into the first round, Hunt made two attempts at an americana on Emelianenko's left arm but failed to complete them. Emelianenko got back to his feet, and after struggling to take the fight to the ground, he submitted Hunt with a kimura at 8:16 in the first round.

BodogFight

With a special clause in his Pride contract that allowed him to fight under the banner of any mixed martial arts organization as long as the event was held on Russian soil, Emelianenko accepted a match in BodogFight against Matt Lindland. The fight was held on April 14, 2007 at the "Clash of the Nations" event in St. Petersburg, Russia. Lindland moved up two weight classes (from middleweight to heavyweight) for the match and came in weighing 212.5 lb (96.5 kg) to Emelianenko's 230 lb (104.5 kg).

Early in the fight, Lindland opened a cut above Emelianenko's left eye and clinched with him, pushing him into the corner and working for a takedown. At this point, the referee warned Emelianenko against grabbing the ropes and Emelianenko corrected himself. After a few seconds of working in the clinch, Lindland attempted a bodylock takedown. When Lindland lifted Emelianenko from his feet, Emelianenko reversed the takedown, landing in Lindland's half guard. The fight then remained on the ground where Emelianenko won by submission via armbar at 2:58 of the first round.

M-1 Global

After the purchase of Pride Fighting Championships by Lorenzo and Frank Fertitta III and the expiration of Emelianenko's contract with Pride, there was speculation about the possibility of him fighting in the UFC, especially since a public falling out between Bodog's Calvin Ayre and Emelianenko's manager, Vadim Finkelstein. In a June 2007 interview with the ''Baltimore Sun'', Chuck Liddell suggested that Emelianenko was on his way to the UFC. Dana White has expressed interest in signing Emelianenko, but considers his management team to be the primary barrier left to the signing of a contract, whereas Finkelstein has cited difficult negotiations as the reason. A main point of contention between the two is Finkelstein's request for the UFC to work with his Russian M-1 promotion, extending contractual offers to other members of the Red Devil Sport Club, and permitting Emelianenko to compete in combat sambo tournaments. At UFC 76 however, UFC president Dana White stated that he expected Emelianenko to sign with the UFC in late 2007 or early 2008, after Emelianenko was to compete in a Sambo competition that White would not allow him to participate in if he were under a UFC contract. He revealed his intent to set up a unification bout with UFC heavyweight champion Randy Couture as his first UFC fight. Nevertheless, these negotiations broke down, as Emelianenko committed to a non-exclusive, two-year and six-fight deal with M-1 Global in October 2007.

Yarennoka

Monte Cox, the president and CEO of M-1 Global, confirmed Emelianenko would face South Korean kickboxer Hong-Man Choi in a New Year's Eve event, Yarennoka!, taking place in Japan and organized by former Pride staff with support from M-1 Global, FEG, and DEEP. A special rule was used for this fight to not allow any knee strikes on the ground. The fight was broadcast live in the United States on the HDNet cable network. Emelianenko defeated Choi in the opening round by submission via an armbar.

Dream

On February 13, 2008, Emelianenko attended a press conference held by Dream, a newly formed Japanese mixed martial arts promotion. His manager, Vadim Finkelstein, confirmed that the organization had a tightly knit alliance with M-1 Global and that Emelianenko would be fighting on the new organization's fight cards. M-1 Global CEO Vadim Finkelstein recently revealed of their plans to organize a fight for Fedor in co-operation with Dream, possibly on New Year's Eve in Japan.

Affliction

On July 19, 2008, at ''Affliction: Banned'', Emelianenko faced elite competition in former two-time UFC Heavyweight Champion Tim Sylvia, who at the time was widely regarded as a top-five heavyweight in mixed martial arts. Sylvia was coming off a title fight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship, in which he fought against number-two ranked heavyweight Sylvia was ranked as the #4 heavyweight fighter in MMA by ''Sherdog.com'' prior to his fight with Emelianenko. Sylvia said in the post-fight press conference, Affliction commentator and senior Fox Sports writer Jay Glazer sung Fedor's praises after the fight; "You want to know why he's the greatest fighter on the planet today? That is why! Tim Sylvia is shaking his head in disbelief! That, folks, is the Michael Jordan, the Tiger Woods, the Rocky Marciano of our sport!"

UFC President Dana White, who had been relentless in his criticism of Emelianenko, admitted to being impressed with Emelianenko's performance against the ex-UFC champion Sylvia. When asked if the submission win changed his opinion on Fedor, White said; "It does. Tim Sylvia was a real opponent."

After the fight, UFC Heavyweight Champion Randy Couture entered the ring and Emelianenko expressed his desire to fight Couture next. However, Couture's contract with the UFC prevented the fight from occurring outside of the organization.

On January 24, 2009, at ''Affliction: Day of Reckoning'', Emelianenko defended his WAMMA championship against former UFC Heavyweight Champion Andrei Arlovski, who, like Sylvia, was widely considered to be a top-5 heavyweight at the time of the fight. Arlovski was on a five fight win streak and was ranked as high as the #2 heavyweight fighter in MMA by Sherdog.com. Arlovski had some early success in the fight, landing punches and leg kicks. However, as Emelianenko was backed into the ropes, Arlovski attempted a flying knee and Emelianenko was able to counter with an overhand right which resulted in a brutal knockout of Arlovski at 3:14 of the first round. The knockout victory was awarded knockout of the year for 2009 by ''Sherdog''. With the win, Emelianenko defended his title and defeated his second straight top-5 heavyweight opponent.

Emelianenko met WAMMA lightweight champion Shinya Aoki during a five-minute "special exhibition" at an April 29 M-1 Challenge (presented by Affliction) event in Tokyo. Emelianenko made Aoki tap out from a Achilles lock just before the bell sounded to end the exhibition. In another special exhibition match, Emelianenko met Gegard Mousasi, a friend and teammate, during M-1 Global: Breakthrough, held in Kansas City on August 28. The two friends fought a competitive and friendly spirited exhibition with several Judo throws from both Emelianenko and Mousasi. Emelianenko finished the fight via armbar.

Emelianenko was scheduled to defend his WAMMA Heavyweight title against former UFC Heavyweight Champion Josh Barnett on August 1, 2009, at Affliction: Trilogy, but on July 22 Barnett was denied his license to compete by the California State Athletic Commission after testing positive for anabolic steroids. On July 23, 2009, Vitor Belfort – who was already on the card – was reported as a likely replacement, but the next day Affliction canceled the event citing limited time to find a suitable replacement and inadequate time to promote the fight.

Negotiations with the UFC

After the collapse of Affliction, UFC President Dana White ferociously tried to sign Emelianenko to an exclusive contract with the UFC several times. White said of Emelianenko; "He has become my obsession. I want it (him in the UFC) worse than the fans want it." Widely considered to be the best heavyweight MMA fighter at the time, Emelianenko would receive an immediate title shot against then current UFC Heavyweight Champion Brock Lesnar, a fight which White deemed would be "huge". After reportedly offering Emelianenko a large contract worth just under 2 million US dollars per fight, with incentive to make much more based on pay per view buys for fights he headlines, negotiations fell apart after Emelianenko's management team demanded a co-promotion between the UFC and M-1 Global, terms which White deemed unacceptable.

Strikeforce

Following Affliction's collapse, Emelianenko signed a three-fight contract with Strikeforce. Strikeforce CEO Scott Coker confirmed that Emelianenko's debut would take place on November 7, broadcast nationally on CBS.

Emelianenko's first fight in Strikeforce was against the then-undefeated Brett Rogers in the main event of Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Rogers on November 7, 2009. Rogers was coming off a knockout win over Andrei Arlovski and was ranked as the #6 heavyweight fighter in MMA by ''Sherdog.com'' at the time of the fight. In the fight, Emelianenko landed early in the first round, but he failed to secure a submission after two attempts. In the second round he knocked Rogers down with an overhand right, then punched him three more times on the mat to secure the victory via TKO at 1:48. This bout would mark the first time Emelianenko competed in a cage. With the win, Emelianenko defeated his third straight top-10 heavyweight opponent.

Emelianenko suffered his first loss in 10 years on June 26, 2010 against Fabricio Werdum. After knocking Werdum down only seconds into the first round, Emelianenko closed in, but Werdum secured a deep triangle and an armbar from his guard, and Fedor was forced to tap. The loss was considered a large upset; in the process, Werdum became the first MMA fighter to attain a non-controversial victory over Emelianenko. After the fight, Emelianenko said the following:

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Following their fight, Werdum praised Emelianenko, declaring him "the best in the world" and his idol. M-1 Global boss Vadim Finkelstein declared that a rematch against Fabricio Werdum was Fedor's main priority, eyeing a possible October–November date. However, it was later reported that Werdum would be out for the rest of 2010 while recovering from elbow surgery.

Emelianenko stated through a translator on ''The MMA Hour'' with Ariel Helwani that he considered retirement before the Werdum fight due to accumulating injuries and ageing.

Emelianenko had expressed interest in fighting Strikeforce Heavyweight Champion Alistair Overeem before the end of 2010. In January 2011, it was announced that Fedor had agreed to enter the Strikeforce Heavyweight Grand Prix, and would face Antonio "Bigfoot" Silva on February 12 in the first quarterfinal match. After a close first round, Silva took control in round 2. After passing to mount, he unleashed a barrage of ground-and-pound that ultimately caused Emelianenko's right eye to swell shut. Ringside doctors called a stop to the fight, stating that Emelianenko could not see and they would not allow him to continue.

After the fight, Emelianenko implied that he may retire. "Yes, maybe, it's the last time. Maybe it's high time. Thanks for everything. I spent a great beautiful long sport life. Maybe it's God's will."

At the post-fight press conference, Vadim Finkelstein stated that he didn't feel Fedor would retire yet. "I think Fedor was just really upset that he lost the fight... I don’t think it was a clear-cut loss. If it doesn’t get stopped by the doctor, we don’t know what would have happened in that third round. Because of that I think we will see Fedor return." Finkelstein added that he would honor whatever decision his fighter chose. Upon returning to Russia, Emelianenko stated that he planned to continue fighting.

Emelianenko faced Dan Henderson on July 30, 2011 at Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Henderson. At the event, Emelianenko was defeated with a technical knockout stoppage. Henderson delivered a punch underneath Emelianenko's armpit which landed flush on Emelianenko's chin and knocked him face first into the mat. Emelianenko's body went limp prompting referee Herb Dean to immediately stop the fight. However, as Dean separated the fighters, Emelianenko rolled to his back to recover guard, stirring a debate among some fans as to whether the stoppage was premature. Emelianenko expressed that although he was hit, the strike did not land flush, and that he could have certainly continued. Dean defended his decision after reviewing the tape, saying, "The fight is over when he's unconscious. Because he comes back swiftly after I've already stepped in and stopped the fight, I can't restart the fight. Dan's still throwing punches, but once I've touched Dan, I've stopped the fight. If I was to do it again – if I see a fighter face down receiving shots, I'm going to step in and stop the fight. I can't predict how long he's going to be unconscious for." When asked about retirement, Emelianenko stated that it is not up to him, as he said, "It's God’s will.".

Following his third loss in a row, Emelianenko was reportedly released from Strikeforce. UFC president Dana White stated he was being released, “Yeah, he’s being cut.” However, Emelianenko disputed White's claims, saying; "That's Dana White's style to make comments. I didn't have a contract with Strikeforce. My current contract is with Showtime. So I think people shouldn't pay attention to these "loud" comments." According to M-1 Global Director of Operations Evgeni Kogan, Fedor was only under contract to Showtime and from there he fought under the Strikeforce banner, but was never under direct employ of Zuffa, and therefore was not "cut" by the organization. "Strikeforce is not the only MMA promotion on Showtime so there are a number of options for Fedor which will be looked at," Kogan told ''MMA Weekly''.

Championships and accomplishments

Fighting Network RINGS

RINGS Openweight Championship (1 Time, Last)

*2002 RINGS Absolute Class Tournament Winner

PRIDE Fighting Championships

*PRIDE World Heavyweight Championship (One time; Last)

*PRIDE 2004 Heavyweight Grand Prix Champion

World Alliance of Mixed Martial Arts

*WAMMA World Heavyweight Championship (One time; First; Last)

Black Belt Magazine

2004 NHB Fighter of the Year

Sherdog

2009 Knockout of the Year vs Andrei Arlovski

Wrestling Observer Newsletter

*2005 Most Outstanding Fighter

Mixed martial arts record

| Loss | style="text-align:center;"| 31–4 (1) | Dan Henderson | TKO (punches) | Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Henderson | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 4:12 | Hoffman Estates, Illinois, U.S. | |- | Loss | style="text-align:center;"| 31–3 (1) | Antonio Silva | TKO (doctor stoppage) | Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Silva | | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 | East Rutherford, New Jersey, U.S. | Strikeforce Heavyweight Grand Prix Quarterfinal |- | Loss | style="text-align:center;"| 31–2 (1) | Fabricio Werdum | Submission (triangle/armbar) | Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Werdum | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:09 | San Jose, California, U.S. | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 31–1 (1) | Brett Rogers | TKO (punches) | Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Rogers | | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:48 | Hoffman Estates, Illinois, U.S. | Defended WAMMA Heavyweight Championship |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 30–1 (1) | Andrei Arlovski | KO (punch) | Affliction: Day of Reckoning | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 3:14 | Anaheim, California, U.S. | Defended WAMMA Heavyweight Championship |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 29–1 (1) | Tim Sylvia | Submission (rear naked choke) | Affliction: Banned | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 0:36 | Anaheim, California, U.S. | Won inaugural WAMMA Heavyweight Championship |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 28–1 (1) | Hong-Man Choi | Submission (armbar) | Yarennoka! | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:54 | Saitama, Saitama | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 27–1 (1) | Matt Lindland | Submission (armbar) | BodogFIGHT: Clash of the Nations | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 2:58 | St. Petersburg, Russia | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 26–1 (1) | Mark Hunt | Submission (kimura) | Pride Shockwave 2006 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 8:16 | Saitama, Saitama | Defended Pride Heavyweight Championship |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 25–1 (1) | Mark Coleman | Submission (armbar) | Pride 32 | | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:17 | Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 24–1 (1) | Wagner Martins | Submission (strikes) | Pride Shockwave 2005 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 0:26 | Saitama, Saitama | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 23–1 (1) | Mirko Filipović | Decision (unanimous) | Pride Final Conflict 2005 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 | Saitama, Saitama | Defended Pride Heavyweight Championship |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 22–1 (1) | Tsuyoshi Kohsaka | TKO (doctor stoppage) | Pride Bushido 6 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 10:00 | Yokohama, Kanagawa | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 21–1 (1) | Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira | Decision (unanimous) | Pride Shockwave 2004 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 | Saitama, Saitama | Unified Pride Interim Heavyweight Championship; Won 2004 Pride Heavyweight Grand Prix |- | No Contest | style="text-align:center;"| 20–1 (1) | Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira | NC (accidental headbutt) | Pride Final Conflict 2004 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 3:52 | Saitama, Saitama | Pride 2004 Heavyweight Grand Prix Final |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 20–1 | Naoya Ogawa | Submission (armbar) | Pride Final Conflict 2004 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 0:54 | Saitama, Saitama | Pride 2004 Heavyweight Grand Prix Semifinal |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 19–1 | Kevin Randleman | Submission (kimura) | Pride Critical Countdown 2004 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:33 | Saitama, Saitama | Pride 2004 Heavyweight Grand Prix Quarterfinal |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 18–1 | Mark Coleman | Submission (armbar) | Pride Total Elimination 2004 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 2:11 | Saitama, Saitama | Pride 2004 Heavyweight Grand Prix Opening Round |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 17–1 | Yuji Nagata | TKO (strikes) | Inoki Bom-Ba-Ye 2003 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:02 | Kobe, Hyōgo | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 16–1 | Gary Goodridge | TKO (soccer kicks and punches) | Pride Total Elimination 2003 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:09 | Saitama, Saitama | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 15–1 | Kazuyuki Fujita | Submission (rear naked choke) | Pride 26 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 4:17 | Tokyo, Japan | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 14–1 | Egidijus Valavicius | Submission (kimura) | Rings Bushido Rings 7: Adrenalinas | | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:11 | Vilnius, Lithuania | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 13–1 | Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira | Decision (unanimous) | Pride 25 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 | Yokohama, Kanagawa | Won Pride Heavyweight Championship |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 12–1 | Heath Herring | TKO (doctor stoppage) | Pride 23 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 10:00 | Tokyo, Japan | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 11–1 | Semmy Schilt | Decision (unanimous) | Pride 21 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 | Saitama, Saitama | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 10–1 | Chris Haseman | TKO (strikes) | Rings: World Title Series Grand Final | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 2:50 | Yokohama|Yokohama, Kanagawa | Rings Absolute Class Tournament Final; Won Rings Absolute Class Tournament |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 9–1 | Lee Hasdell | Submission (guillotine choke) | Rings: World Title Series 5 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 4:10 | Yokohama|Yokohama, Kanagawa | Rings Absolute Class Tournament Semifinal |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 8–1 | Ryushi Yanagisawa | Decision (unanimous) | Rings: World Title Series 4 | | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan | Rings Absolute Class Tournament Quarterfinal |- | | style="text-align:center;"| | Bobby Hoffman | Forfeit | Rings: 10th Anniversary | | style="text-align:center;"| | style="text-align:center;"| | Tokyo, Japan | Rings Open-Weight Class Tournament Final, Won Rings Open-weight Championship |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 7–1 | Renato Sobral | Decision (unanimous) | Rings: 10th Anniversary | | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan | Rings Open-Weight Class Tournament Semifinal |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 6–1 | Kerry Schall | Submission (armbar) | Rings: World Title Series 1 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:47 | Tokyo, Japan | Rings Open-Weight Class Tournament Quarterfinal |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 5–1 | Mihail Apostolov | Submission (rear naked choke) | Rings Russia: Russia vs. Bulgaria | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 1:03 | Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast | |- | Loss | style="text-align:center;"| 4–1 | Tsuyoshi Kohsaka | TKO (doctor stoppage) | Rings: King of Kings 2000 Block B | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 0:17 | Osaka, Kansai | Rings King of Kings 2000 Tournament 2nd Round; Inadvertent illegal elbow strike reopened existing cut. |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 4–0 | Ricardo Arona | Decision (unanimous) | Rings: King of Kings 2000 Block B | | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 | Osaka|Osaka, Kansai | Rings King of Kings 2000 Tournament Opening Round |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 3–0 | Hiroya Takada | KO (punch) | Rings: Battle Genesis Vol. 6 | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 0:12 | Tokyo, Japan | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 2–0 | Levon Lagvilava | Submission (rear naked choke) | Rings: Russia vs. Georgia | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 7:24 | Tula, Tula Oblast | |- | Win | style="text-align:center;"| 1–0 | Martin Lazarov | Submission (guillotine choke) | Rings: Russia vs. Bulgaria | | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 2:24 | Ekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast |

Championships and accomplishments

Mixed martial arts

! style="width:75px;"

Status !! style="width:150px;"|Date !! style="width:225px;"|Championship !! style="width:100px;"|Weight !! style="width:200px;"|Location
				Anaheim, California
				Yokohama, Japan
		PRIDE World Grand Prix		Saitama, Japan
		RINGS Absolute Class Tournament		Yokohama, Japan
		RINGS Heavyweight Class Tournament		Tokyo, Japan

Judo

! style="width:75px;"

Status !! style="width:150px;"|Date !! style="width:225px;"|Championship !! style="width:100px;"|Weight !! style="width:200px;"|Location
		Dutch Grand Prix		Rotterdam, Netherlands
		Russian National Championships		Kstovo, Russia
		Sofia Liberation A-Team		Sofia, Bulgaria
		Moscow International Tournament		Moscow, Russia
		Russian National Championships		Kstovo, Russia

Sambo

! style="width:75px;"

Status !! style="width:75px;"|Date !! style="width:300px;"|Championship !! style="width:100px;"|Weight !! style="width:200px;"|Location
		Russian Combat Sambo Championships		Krasnokamsk, Russia
		Russian Combat Sambo Championships		Kstovo, Russia
		World Combat Sambo Championships		Prague, Czech Republic
		Russian Combat Sambo Championships		St. Petersburg, Russia
		World Combat Sambo Championships		Prague, Czech Republic
		Russian Combat Sambo Championships
		Russian Combat Sambo Championships		Buryat Republic, Russia
		World Combat Sambo Championships		Prague, Czech Republic
		World Combat Sambo Championships		Panama City, Panama
		World Combat Sambo Championships		Thessaloniki, Greece
		Russian Combat Sambo Championships		Moscow, Russia
		Russian Combat Sambo Championships		Orenburg, Russia
		Russian Armed Forces Combat Sambo Championships		Russia
		Russian Armed Forces Combat Sambo Championships		Russia
		Russian Combat Sambo Championships		Kaliningrad, Russia
		European Combat Sambo Championships
		Russian Combat Sambo Championships		St. Petersburg, Russia

See also

List of male mixed martial artists

List of Pride champions

References

External links

Fedor Emelianenko "The Last Emperor" Official Website: news, fights, videos, photos.

The Official Site of Fedor Emelianenko

Category:Living people Category:1976 births Category:Russian mixed martial artists Category:Heavyweight mixed martial artists Category:Russian judoka Category:Russian sambo practitioners Category:Pride Fighting Championships champions Category:People from Belgorod Oblast Category:People from Luhansk Oblast Category:Russian Orthodox Christians

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